The development of bilateral relations between Uzbekistan and Afghanistan at the present stage.
The geostrategic position of Uzbekistan determines its role in the development of the logistics potential of the region together with the countries of Central Asia and Afghanistan. To date, Afghanistan is gradually striving to become the center of a new macro-region connecting Central and South Asia. However, without establishing stability in this country, it seems extremely difficult to talk about its sustainable economic development and the entire region, diversification of transport corridors and interconnectedness with South Asia.
Within the framework of the new regional policy pursued by the Republic of Uzbekistan to build constructive and mutually beneficial ties with neighboring countries, one of the priority areas is the development of cooperation with Afghanistan.
Historically and geographically, the peoples of Uzbekistan and Afghanistan had close ties and good-neighborly relations. These ties have been stretched
since ancient times – since people lived on both sides of the Amu Darya River, who had almost identical culture, traditions and customs.
At the present stage, relations between Uzbekistan and Afghanistan were built on the principles of mutual respect, non-interference in internal affairs. Uzbekistan has provided and continues to provide assistance to its southern neighbor in restoring its economy and social infrastructure. During the Soviet period, specialists from Uzbekistan came to Afghanistan to work in the agricultural sector and the oil and gas sector, worked as teachers in educational institutions, conducted scientific work in research centers.
The sustainable development of Afghanistan is the key to stability and prosperity of the entire Central Asian region. Since the first days of independence, Uzbekistan has been making efforts to peacefully resolve the Afghan conflict. The Republic has always advocated the early establishment of peace and stability in Afghanistan and has made a significant contribution to the restoration and development of the economy of the neighboring country, improving the lives of its people by increasing the volume of mutual trade and the implementation of major infrastructure and humanitarian projects.
Both on a bilateral basis and within the framework of multilateral formats, Uzbekistan has consistently declared the need for more active involvement of Afghanistan in regional integration processes of an economic nature, further implementation of socio-economic projects in the country and continuation of humanitarian assistance, which is very necessary to stabilize the situation and prevent a humanitarian crisis.
Since 2017, Uzbekistan has significantly expanded bilateral ties with Afghanistan, actively joined international efforts to resolve the Afghan problem. At the same time, the high dynamics of Uzbek-Afghan relations is the result of Tashkent’s new foreign policy strategy. The President of Uzbekistan outlined its main provisions in detail at the 72nd session of the UN General Assembly in New York in September 2017, during the Samarkand High-level Conference on Central Asia in November of the same year and at the consultative meeting of the heads of state of the region in Astana in March 2018.
On July 26, 2022, an international conference “Afghanistan: Security and Economic development” was held in Tashkent, dedicated to the implementation of a number of infrastructure and humanitarian projects in Afghanistan. This conference was a logical continuation of the initiatives of the leadership of Uzbekistan and demonstrates the openness of the republic’s foreign policy aimed at restoring the historical interconnectedness of the regions of Central and South Asia.
At this stage, Afghanistan has become seen not as a country from whose territory peace and stability are threatened, but as a State capable of becoming a friendly and prosperous part of our common region. A very significant event initiated by Uzbekistan in the framework of promoting peace in Afghanistan was the International Conference on Afghanistan, held in Tashkent in March 2018.
To date, assistance to the economic reconstruction of Afghanistan through the implementation of joint projects in the transport, economic, energy and educational spheres is one of the priorities of Uzbekistan’s foreign policy.
In order to further develop effective trade and transport and logistics ties with neighboring countries, especially with Afghanistan, as well as to ensure the safety of international cargo transportation and expand the transit potential of Uzbekistan, the integrated use of the resource base of border regions and the formation of favorable conditions for actively attracting foreign direct investment, the Termez free economic Zone was created in 2018.
In addition, in 2020, the Termez International Trade Center (Termez Shopping Center) was established, which has an infrastructure of storage, transportation and other modern services for manufacturers, exporters and buyers. In the near future, a full-fledged commissioning of this ITC is planned.
One of the features of the legal regime of the ITC “Termez” will be the provision of a number of basic services on the principle of a “single window” using interactive mechanisms. The services include customs, tax, certification, phytosanitary, veterinary, transport and banking operations, currency exchange and mobile communications, medical and hotel services, car maintenance and others. In addition, citizens of Afghanistan, as well as other states and stateless persons entering from the territory of Afghanistan, may not apply for entry visas (pass personal and passport control) and stay on the territory of the ITC for 10 days without temporary registration.
To date, Uzbekistan is making efforts for the economic recovery and development of Afghanistan, offering the construction of new infrastructure projects. Uzbekistan’s foreign policy strategy is aimed at the practical implementation of the following vital initiatives for Afghanistan (strategic projects) in the field of transport, energy, trade and education:
– Construction of the Mazar-I–Sharif–Kabul-Peshawar railway corridor;
– construction of the Surkhan –Puli-Khumri power transmission line;
– laying of fiber-optic communication lines by Uzbektelecom and Afgan Telecom Corp.;
– training of Afghan specialists in Uzbekistan. An Educational center for the training of Afghan citizens is successfully functioning in Termez, where over 100 Afghan boys and girls study.
In the future, it is planned to increase the number of students to 250 students.
Summing up, it should be noted that in recent years Uzbekistan has accumulated significant experience in participating in the implementation of various economic projects in Afghanistan. In the process of rebuilding its economy, Afghanistan needs a large number of goods and services that are not available in the country, but which can be obtained from Uzbekistan. The presence of serious human and industrial potential allows Uzbekistan to successfully implement the above infrastructure projects.
The implementation of the above projects on the territory of Afghanistan will ensure the beginning of the process of reconstruction and development of the economic sector of this country. In the future, the constructed facilities will not only be a component of Afghanistan’s infrastructure, but will make a significant contribution to strengthening ties between the countries.
Ahmad Mamasodikov,
independent applicant, expert on Central Asia and Afghanistan
