Thursday, March 28

Individual approach and digital technologies: results of world-class scientific centers in the field of medicine in 2022

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Within the framework of the national project “Science and Universities”, the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia continues to support world-class research centers that carry out research and development on the priorities of scientific and technological development. In total, in 2022, 10 centers received 3 billion rubles to conduct breakthrough fundamental and exploratory research. The transition to personalized medicine and high—tech healthcare is a task that several world-class research centers are working on in Russia at once. Among them: “Center for Personalized Medicine”, “National Center for Personalized Medicine of Endocrine Diseases”, “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, “Integrative Physiology — medicine, high-tech healthcare and stress resistance technologies”. About the successes achieved by the leading research teams in the field of medicine in 2022 — in our material.

Improving the effectiveness of diagnosis and therapy of oncological diseases

In 2022, Russian researchers were actively working to improve the effectiveness of cancer therapy. Scientists from the World-class Scientific Center (NCMU) “Center for Personalized Medicine” have come up with a technology that will avoid the cost of additional medicines and services during supportive therapy, rehabilitation and palliative care. It is based on the use of autoprobiotic bacteria in two—stage therapy of patients with colorectal cancer, stomach cancer and metabolic syndrome. The scientists noted that autoprobiotics had not been used for these purposes before.

The average annual incidence of malignant brain tumors is 7.08 per 100 thousand people. Despite the combined approach in the treatment of malignant neoplasms of the brain, which includes surgical removal of the tumor with subsequent courses of radiation and chemotherapy, the average life expectancy of patients with such a diagnosis does not exceed 15 months. That is why the development of new methods of early diagnosis and therapy is becoming a priority area of modern clinical neuro-oncology.

So, in 2022, a new peptide was synthesized at the world-class scientific center “Center for Personalized Medicine”, which is fixed on the surface of tumor cells and allows you to accurately distinguish the boundary between healthy and tumor tissue during surgery. It is expected that the use of the new peptide will double the average life expectancy of patients with glioblastoma multiforme and reduce the costs of rehabilitation and polychemotherapy.

Diagnostic technologies play a special role in medicine, since it is impossible to achieve high efficiency of therapy without systematic monitoring of the patient’s condition. The scientific team of the Center for Personalized Medicine has created a new drug with a radiometer for detecting prostate cancer and its metastases. A new step towards improving the effectiveness of PET diagnostics of the disease was the development of labeled compounds based on a gastrin-releasing peptide that is expressed on prostate cancer cells. The scientists stressed that their drug can become the basis not only for the diagnosis, but also for the treatment of cancer, if it is combined with an isotope that can kill tumor cells.

The center’s researchers also worked on improving diagnostics in 2022. They have created test systems to detect mutations in the RET and TERT genes, which will help to more effectively build personalized therapy for various types of thyroid cancer. These test systems work on the basis of the PCR method, which makes them simple and economical. According to Yulia Krupinova, oncologist-endocrinologist, head of research projects at the National Center for Personalized Medicine of Endocrine Diseases, the developed test systems allow rapid genetic diagnostics for early detection of hereditary forms, planning preventive treatment and assessing the risk of tumor recurrence. In the future, the center’s scientists plan to create test systems to detect clinically significant mutations in other genes, which will further increase the accuracy and effectiveness of a personalized approach in medicine.

Researchers from the world-class scientific center “Digital Biodesign and personalized Healthcare” in 2022 presented their development “MetaboScan” for the diagnosis of oncological and major cardiovascular diseases. The system is a combination of targeted metabolomic profiling and machine learning methods. It will make it possible to analyze the risk of developing pathologies based on the analysis of patients’ blood plasma during an annual preventive examination. Scientists believe that the introduction of the MetaboScan system as part of the medical examination will allow for the timely detection of cardiac and oncological diseases of a person, which will improve the quality of diagnosis and reduce material costs for healthcare.

Development of modern and convenient medical devices

Gestational diabetes mellitus complicates the course of 14% of all pregnancies. His treatment is based on strict adherence to a diet, but in most cases patients are guided only by general recommendations. In order to increase the effectiveness of the diet to prevent an increased postprandial glycemic response, scientists from the world-class scientific center “Center for Personalized Medicine” have developed an interactive mobile application “DiaCompanion”. The program predicts the sugar level after a meal and makes recommendations for adjusting the diet in real time. The developers believe that following the recommendations of the “Diacompanion” will allow patients to visit an endocrinologist twice less often and reduce the need for insulin prescribing by a third.

Modern healthcare strives to be patient-friendly. Scientists of the center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare” have developed a portable wearable device for the analysis of cardiac arrhythmias in people with heart failure. Domestic development will make it possible to diagnose such diseases at an early stage. First of all, we are talking about the development of such a dangerous disease as atrial fibrillation of the heart. The second important aspect of the device’s operation is the possibility of continuous monitoring of the patient for two weeks, which will allow identifying rare types of arrhythmias, the diagnosis of which is difficult in a hospital setting.

Another successful project of the center was the information and analytical telemedicine system – “Fundus — cardiorisk”. The system, which works autonomously without the participation of doctors, is able to diagnose cardiovascular diseases and analyze the risk of their complications from a photograph of the patient’s fundus.

Digital technologies for the analysis of psychological well-being of a person

Scientists suggest using digital technologies in the diagnosis of a person’s psychological state. The world—class scientific center — the Pavlovsky Center for Integrative Physiology — Medicine, High-tech Healthcare and Stress Tolerance Technologies – has developed a software package that allows you to determine the emotional state of employees at remote work. The system calculates the parameters of the speech signal and based on them determines the presence of psychological stress in a person.

“Automated stress detection helps to ensure safety and reliability in systems where people constantly face emergencies work. To get a quantitative assessment of the degree of stress that a person is experiencing at a particular time, data on the acoustic structure of speech can be used,” said Evgeny Pustozerov, a leading researcher at the Department of “Strong Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Physiology and Medicine” as part of the A. S. International Innovative Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Cybersecurity and Communications. Popov St. Petersburg State Electrotechnical University “LETI”.

The scientist stressed that the developed software package with a web interface makes it possible to evaluate the model and algorithm for determining the emotional state of speakers in conditions close to real practical application.

 

Source: https://e-cis.info/news/569/105950/

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